1. Q: What does Active Directory mean?
A: The active Directory means a service
that identifies and handles resources, making them visible for
different groups or members that are authorized. It has the role of
an object store. The Active directory sees as objects workstations,
people, servers devices or documents and they all have their own
characteristics and access control list or ACL.
2.Q: What is the meaning of Global
Catalog?
A: A Global Catalog is something that
each domain has, and it is used for authenticating the user on the
network, on windows 2000 network logon’s were protected from
failures by assigning a Global Catalog to every site.
3.Q: What is the use for DHCP?
A: DHCP is used for the DHCP servers,
personal computers can get their configuration from a DHCP server on
an IP configuration. The server knows nothing about the personal
computers until they make a request for information. Usually the most
common information sent is IP address and DHCP is used to make a
large network administration easier.
4.Q: What does a Super Scope do in
DHCP?
A: The Super Scope gives the DHCP
server the possibility to have leases to multiple clients on the same
physical network. The leases come from multiple scopes. All scopes
must be defined using DHCP manager before the Super Scope creation
and they are named member scopes. The DHCP problems can be resolved
by the Super Scope in different ways like the following:
a) on a physical network like a LAN
network where multiple logical IP networks exist Super Scope is very
useful here. These types of networks are also named multinets.
b) there is also need for a Super Scope
when the address pool for the current scope becomes empty and there
is a need for new computers on the physical network.
c) when clients have to move on another
scope.
d) when DHCP clients from the other
side of the relay agents (BOOTP) or the network has many logical
subnets.
e) when standard networks are limited
to leasing addresses for the clients.
5.Q: How can we switch the roles in an
Active Directory?
A: Switching or transferring roles in
an Active Directory can be made with the use of Ntdsutil.exe.
6.Q: What is the purpose of a Stub zone
DNS?
A: The copy of a zone that has only the
needed resources for finding the authoritative DNS servers in that
specific zone (DNS= Domain Name Servers) is called a Stub zone. It
also resolves names for DNS namespaces, thing required when names
must be resolved from two different DNS namespaces. The Stub zone
contains: the master server’s IP that is used for updating the Stub
zone and the SOA (Start of Authority), the NS (name server) and the
glue A delegated zone records.
5.Q: What main file is used for Active
Directory backup and how it is made?
A: Active Directory backup is made
using NTbackup utility. The backup is made once with the system state
and they are restored also together because they depend on each
other. The system state has different components like:
a) The registry
b) Boot files or startup files
(files required by the operating system to start).
c) The component services
d) The system volume or the SYSVOL
folder this is a folder that contains files that are shared on a
domain.
e) The Active Directory
6.Q: Does a windows administrator have
to be critical?
A: Yes and I can explain how. A system
administrator is responsible for an entire network which means he/she
must take care of multiple things in the same time which is not an
easy task. In order to achieve this, an administrator must have high
organization skills and a high technical knowledge and he/she must
prevent the problems from happening so that he/she won’t have to be
forced to fix them.
7.Q: In what way is forward lookup zone
different from the reverse lookup zone in NDS?
A: There is one difference between
these two: the forward lookup means name to IP and reverse lookup
means IP to name.
8.Q: As a system administrator can you
make backup and recovery of data?
A: This is a responsibility that any
system administrator must have assume as a basic skill. Of course
there are many types of backup that can be made but all must be known
for a successful career.
9.Q: What is the meaning of DHCP and
what is the port used by it to work?
A: DHCP or Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol has the ability to assign an IP automatically, this is done
in fact by the server and has a number range. When the system starts
an IP is assigned automatically. The DHCP server has port number 68,
while the client has 67.
10.Q: Can you ensure an updated system
all the time and perform market research?
A: Staying up-to-date is another strong
point of a professional administrator, technology evolves and we must
keep up with the flow, otherwise we can’t do our job in a
professional way. Market research is the key to an up-to –date
work.
11.Q: Is it possible for a computer to
be able to browse the internet without having a default gateway?
A: Yes it is as long as we use a public
IP address. The gateway is required as a router or firewall when
using an intranet address.
12.Q: What are the advantages or
disadvantages of using DHCP?
A: The advantage is that the DHCP
server configures all IP’s automatically and the disadvantage is
that when you receive a new IP address the machine name remains the
same because of its association with the IP. It’s not a real
problem but when somebody tries to access the machine by its name it
become one.
13.Q: Are you familiar with monitoring?
A: Yes, monitoring is a base activity
of a system administrator, he/she manages all the access rights and
the server space, security of the user accounts is one of the most
important things here. Also an administrator must make sure that the
user’s activity doesn’t affect in any way the integrity of the
server.
14.Q: How can we create a SRV record in
DNS?
A: To do this we must open the DNS then
we must select the abc.local domain the right click and we must go to
Other New Records and the SRV ( choose location).
15.Q: In how much time are the security
changes applied on the domain controllers?
A: Including policies for personal and
public lockout, the changes apply immediately. The changes also
include passwords and LSA or Local Security Authority.
16.Q: What do you do if a an end user
states that a file is gone?
A: Files are deleted constantly by end
users but the backup can restore them. Anyhow before using the backup
we must check if the user didn’t move the file by mistake in
another place.
17.Q: Where is the storage place of the
environmental settings and documents from the roaming profile?
A: These documents and settings are
deposited locally until the user’s log off, when they are moved
into the shared folder from the server so the log on at a fresh
system may take a while because of this.
18.Q: What are the classes that we can
find in the Active Directory of Windows Server 2003?
A: We can find:
a) the abstract class which can be
made to look like a template and create other templates, no matter if
they are abstract, auxiliary or structural.
b) the structural class is the
important type of class that is made from multiple abstract classes
or an existing structural class. They are the only ones that can make
Active Directory objects.
c) the auxiliary class is used as a
replace for many attributes of a structural class, it is a list of
attributes.
d) The 88 class is used for objects
classes that were defined before 1993 and it is not a common class,
it doesn’t use abstract, structural or auxiliary classes.
19.Q: When is a good time for creating
a forest?
A: Certain companies that have
different bases require different trees and separate namespaces. And
unique names sometimes give birth to different identities of DNS.
Also companies are sometimes acquired and get under other influences
but the continuity must be preserved for the names.
20.Q: Can you explain to us about you
experience in the past regarding windows administration?
A: I have ten years of experience in
this field, I was passionate about computers since childhood and I
installed many operating systems at home and inside organizations
including these versions of windows: 95, 98, 98 SE, NT, Millenium,
2000, 2003 Server, XP, Seven, Vista. I also managed these systems and
performed maintenance, I worked with different applications from the
windows environment.
21.Q: How can you handle a situation in
which for instance if you have an application that is not running on
Windows 2003 because it’s older?
A: In this situation the application
has to be started in the compatibility mode with a previously windows
operating system. This is made by right clicking the application icon
and choosing another Windows from the compatibility menu.
22.Q: What is the meaning of
Repadmin.exe from Windows Server 2008?
A: Repadmin.exe means Replication
Diagnostics Tool and helps for the diagnostic of domain controllers
in the Windows system. This tool is used by administrators to see the
replication topology from the perspective of every domain controller.
The active Directory forest can also be supervised by Repadmin.exe
and replication problems can be tracked.
23.Q: What difference can we find in
the usage of CSVDE versus LDIFDE?
A: CSVDE and LDIFDE are both commands
and are used for importing and exporting objects but they are
different in the way that CSVDE uses the format CSV (Comma Separated
Value) which is an Excel file for files and LDIFDE uses LDIF (LDAP
Data Interchange Format) file type which can be viewed with a simple
text editor. LDIFDE can be also used for editing or deleting objects
unlike CSVDE.
24.Q: What big differences exist
between these two operating systems: Windows 2000 and Windows XP?
A: Windows 2000 has more capabilities
than Windows XP especially regarding features like DHCP, Terminal
Services or DNS. It has all the advantages for server usage. Windows
2000 is a little more professional than XP, but they are both coming
with different versions for every user taste. While XP has Home
version, Professional or Enterprise, Windows 2000 has Professional
and Server editions. The Home version of XP comes with minimal
features because the target clients are beginners.
25.Q: What are the things that make
Unix different from Windows?
A: The code loading runtime of Unix is
different from the one that Windows has. We must become aware of how
the system exactly works before we make a dynamically loading module.
Unix has the shared objects with the .so extension that encapsulate
lines of code that the programs will use and the functions names.
These function names become the references of those functions in the
memory of the program when the file is combined with the program. In
Windows the .dll file (dynamic-link library file) doesn’t have
references and the code of the files does not link to the memory of
the program but they get through a lookup table which points to data
or functions. Unix has just one type of library file, with the .a
extension and the code of many object file is contained within with
the .o extension. When the link is created for a shared object file
the definition of the identifier may not be found, so the object code
from the library will be included.
